Abstract
Nanocellulose and microcellulose have been widely investigated as a next-generation core material in various fields due to its excellent properties such as low density, high modulus, heat resistance, and transparency. Depending upon its resources, cellulose shows different structural properties such as degree of crystallinity, crystal size, morphology, and molecular weight. In this study, various micro- and nano-celluloses were prepared from red pine, ramie and cotton using physical and/or chemical processes. By employing high-pressure homogenization as a physical method and sulfuric acid hydrolysis as a chemical method, four different treatments were carried out. From cotton, microfibrillated cellulose with a uniform network structure and nanowisker cellulose were prepared by homogenization and homogenization/hydrolysis/homogenization/hydrolysis, respectively. On the other hand, microwhisker cellulose was obtained from red pine by hydrolysis/homogenization. It was observed that homogenization with β-cyclodextrin, which have the same monomer structure to cellulose, could lead to a significant reduction in the size of micro- and nano-celluloses.
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