ЭПИЛЕПСИЯ И СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ: ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ РИСКИ И ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ

Abstract

Epilepsy has long established itself not only as a severe pathology of the brain, but also as an important social and economic disease that can affect both the quality of life and the patient's ability to work, and the entire healthcare system. The risk of premature mortality in these groups of patients is almost 3 times higher than the average for the population. While the main focus of clinicians is on the study of sudden unexpected death in patients with epilepsy, it is believed that up to 30-45% of the cause of death in these patients is cardiovascular disease.Epilepsy contributes to the uncontrolled course of cardiovascular diseases and often their decompensation. Often, patients with epilepsy with a concomitant disease of the cardiovascular system require cardiac surgery. Seizures typically result in longer hospital stays, increased mortality, increased need, and longer mechanical ventilation. In addition, cardiac surgery itself can serve as a trigger for the development of epilepsy. Carrying out the most complex operations in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass is accompanied by a high risk of neurological complications.Seizures in cardiac surgery patients can occur both against the background of intraoperative stroke and independently of it. The postoperative period of these patients is also associated with a large number of difficulties, such as a low rate of recovery of the patient after surgery, both due to a more severe condition, and as a result of a slowdown in rehabilitation. An important direction in cardiac surgery, which should not fade into the background, is timely neuroprotection, on which the prognosis largely depends. The presented literature review reflects the main mutual influences of epilepsy and cardiovascular pathology.