МЕТОДИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УЗАГАЛЬНЕННЯ ЗНАНЬ ШКОЛЯРІВ ПРО ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНІ ФІЗИЧНІ ПРИНЦИПИ

Abstract

The article is devoted to solving the urgent, complex and multifaceted problem of increasing of the level and quality of fundamental training of schoolchildren in physics in modern educational conditions. The author notes that the solution of this problem requires the implementation of methodical approaches and learning technologies that will provide students with a purposeful and consistent mastery of a system of organically interconnected subject, worldview and methodological knowledge, followed by their generalization with the help of relevant physical principles at the level of modern physical pictures of the world. In this regard, the author determined the sequence of studying the material and highlighted the theoretical and methodological aspects of generalizing students' knowledge about the fundamental physical principles of relativity, conservation and atomism, which should be the focus of teachers' attention both during the educational process and at the final classes on the relevant topics. Schoolchildren's awareness of the physical essence of the principle of relativity contributes not only to the understanding of the general laws of mechanical motion and the interaction of bodies in different reference systems, but also expands and deepens knowledge of two basic scientific concepts (mass, energy) and forms an idea of a single four-dimensional space-time continuum that encompasses. Students' understanding of the fundamental importance of the principle of conservation is connected not only with the unity of space-time, but also with the symmetry of space, symmetry of interactions, and symmetry of laws. Elucidation by students of the physical essence of the fundamental principle of atomism involves a consistent awareness of the discrete structure of matter, electromagnetic radiation, the discreteness of the physical characteristics of micro-objects. It is noted that students' understanding of the physical essence and methodological significance of the latter will not only correspond to the development trends of modern physical science, but will also contribute to increasing the level of subject competence, the formation of a scientific worldview, and will be a guarantee of the success of further education and future professional growth. Key words: fundamental physical principles, systematization and generalization of schoolchildren's knowledge, scientific outlook, subject competence of students in physics.