Технологии защиты яблони от болезней с применением отечественных фунгицидов

Abstract

The aim of the research was the optimization of the using of the import substituting drugs produced in Russia to protect against the dominant apple pathogens. During the period 2013-2015, according to conventional techniques, a series of production trials evaluating the effectiveness of triazole compounds in the suppression of apple scab and powdery mildew was conducted. During two years of testing on highly responsive to scab variety Chempion the fungicide Raek did not give on effectiveness of imported fungicide Scor with the same active ingredient. In the conditions of intensive emission of scab ascospores and with steady build-up of infectious background on the results of four treatments by observing of regulations the fungicide Raek was provided protection of the leaves at 97,0-99,0%, the protection of the fruits was at the level of 99,6-99,7 %. The biological effi ciency of domestic fungicide Medea to suppress scab on highly responsive variety Aidared was insignifi cantly different from the biological effectiveness of imported fungicides Scor and Stroby. The maximum effectiveness of the fungicide Medea in protection against scab was obtained in phenophases “fruit-hazel”: in protection of leaves on 97,3-98,9 %, in protection of fruits on 97,5-97,7 %. During protection of high-responsive variety against powdery mildew the fungicide Medea showed the effectiveness corresponding to the level of effectiveness of imported fungicide: 95,7-99,9 %. The basic points of the application technology of triazoles on apple were revealed: the maximum interval between sprinkles in intensive emission of scab ascospores and high speed of infection must not exceed six hours; at critical periods to scab infection of greatest effectiveness is achieved by using triazole in the processing sequence. Tests showed the competitiveness of Russian fungicides Raek and Medea with imported fungicide in the apple protection against scab and powdery mildew.