Abstract
‘Lao’ has various meanings and usages and is one of the most frequently used words and morphemes in Mandarin. For example, ‘Lao’ serves as an adjective, adverb, and affix. This study analyzes the semantic, pragmatic and syntactic properties of ‘Lao’ as well as the grammaticalization process of ‘Lao’. Diachronically, this study analyzes how ‘Lao’ obtained these functions and what correlation exists between each. Also, synchronically, through the comparison of adjectives ‘Lao’ and ‘Jiu’, frequency adverbs ‘Lao’ and ‘Zong’, and degree adverbs ‘Lao’ and ‘Hen’, I explore the unique semantic, pragmatic, and syntactic characteristics of ‘Lao’.
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