Продуктивність картоплі за краплинного зрошення в умовах півдня України

Abstract

The paper analyzes the impact of the basic elements of the technological process of potato cultivation under drip irrigation in the South of Ukraine. The scheme of the experiment implied the study of different calculated soil layers 0–20; 0–40; 0–60 cm and the methods of fertilizer application: locally at planting time and application with irrigation water N60P60K60 and calculated fertilizer dose to obtain 35 t/ha of potato tubers. During the growing season the pre-irrigation soil moisture was maintained at the level of 80–80–70 %, the least soil moisture was differentiated by the stages of the plant growth and development: planting–producing buds, producing buds–flowering, flowering–plant dying back. The maximum productivity was obtained due to the local application of mineral fertilizers in the dose N 60 P 60 K 60 before planting under moistening the calculated soil layer of 0–60 cm with the product cost price of 1345 thousand UAH/t and the production profitability of 160.3 %. Under these conditions the coefficient of water consumption was minimal – 97.8 m3/t. The reduction of the calculated layer to 0-20 cm caused the decrease in the yield by 2.9 t/ha or 9.9 %, as compared with 0–60 cm. It became possible due to the reduction of the marketable tuber weight by 11.2 and 6.3%, as compared with the soil layer of 0–60 and 0–40 cm. The application of fertilizers contributes to, on the average by the factor, a substantial increase in the yield – 8.5 t/ha or 25.9 %, as compared with the non-fertilized background, where the yield formation takes place at the expense of obtaining tubers of less weight (110.6 against 138.9 g). According to the methods of fertilizer application the tuber yield was on the average 31.6–33.9 t/ha, the efficiency of fertilizer application was 30.0–39.6%.