Физиология и психология – диалектика взаимодействия при решении психофизиологической проблемы

Abstract

The review is devoted to the history of solving one of the most fundamental problems of humanity: how does the material brain give birth to a psyche devoid of the attributes of materiality? This is a so-called or psychophysiological problem (mind-body problem). The article provides an analytical analysis of various approaches and concepts used by representatives of different Sciences for more than two thousand years to solve this riddle. The emphasis is on two Sciences – psychology and physiology, in which psychologists and physiologists sought a solution to a psychophysical problem based on the principles and methods of their science. The article shows that advances in the field of neurophysiology and neurobiology are slowly but inevitably bringing us closer to solving the difficult problem of consciousness, while the descriptive and speculative approaches of philosophers and psychologists have not yet allowed us to reveal the principles of the psyche and understand the mechanisms of its formation by the brain. Nevertheless, the authors of the article believe that only the joint work of physiologists and psychologists on a common plan, with the development of a single concept of the search for truth and in close cooperation with representatives of other neuroscience, can lead humanity to unravel the great mystery of nature: the discovery of the principles and mechanisms of the psyche and consciousness.