Микробиологическая диагностика сопутствующей микобактериальной инфекции при фиброзном кистозе (муковисцидозе)

Abstract

Diseases caused by mycobacteria, leprosy and tuberculosis, are widely known for many centuries. However, interest in mycobacteriosis, as an infectious disease of human organs caused by other mycobacteria, was only apparent from the late 50s of the 20th century. Over the years of observation, the number of cases of mycobacteriosis in various regions of the world has increased significantly, including in patients with cystic fibrosis. A key sign of comorbidity in cystic fibrosis is a chronic microbial infection that determines the severity of the course and the prognosis of the disease. In order to identify and identify mycobacteria isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis from 2011 to 2018, sputum was examined from 160 patients with cystic fibrosis and suspected mycobacterial infection. Mycobacteria were secreted in 17 (10.6%) patients with cystic fibrosis, of which non-tuberculous mycobacteria predominated. Thirteen patients were infected with M. abscessus (76.4%), two with M.avium (11.7%), one with M.xenopi (5.8%), one with M. tuberculosis (5.8%). Determination of drug sensitivity of mycobacteria showed that the culture of M.tuberculosis was sensitive to all antituberculosis drugs, and strains of nontuberculous mycobacteria had a different spectrum of drug susceptibility to drugs used for the therapy of mycobacteriosis. Identification of infectious agents will help ensure the timely initiation of adequate treatment, proper monitoring and prevention of the spread of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria among patients with cystic fibrosis .