증거기반정책과 데이터기반행정법: 미국과 영국의 법·제도 비교 및 함의

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role the data-based administrative law in data-based policy. To this end, the case of the US, which recently implemented the Evidence-based Policy Act, and the case of the UK, which actively uses public data for policy were analyzed. The Evidence-Based Policy Act of the US stipulates strategic and evaluation plans, evaluators and statistics officers for evidence-building, data advisory committees, etc. in relation to “evidence-building activities” that are closely related to the evaluation plans of the federal government. In relation to the use of public data produced by the federal government, the OPEN Government Data Act provides for a Strategic Information Resource Management Plan including the Open Data Plan, a Comprehensive Data Inventory, a Federal Data Catalogue, best practices related to data use, protection, provision and production, and committees to promote inter-agency data sharing agreements. With the aim of building a learning-oriented government organization, importance on “policy evaluation” and “policy questions”was placed. The UK's administrative data research is approaching a research network for public data. Started as part of the Secretary to the Treasury's Big Data plan in 2012, the Digital Economy Act of 2017 has a clear purpose of allowing researchers to use administrative data, as it provides a legal basis for researchers to access government data in a safe way. In this way, administrative data research acts as a bridge between government and academia. Based on such partnerships with academia, internal governance and active cooperation with the government are also being carried out. The UK recognizes the importance of public data, and the statistical agency functions as a data hub. Based on these discussions, certain implications were presented to the Korean situation as to what role data-based administration laws play in each country's data-based policies.