ІНКЛЮЗІЯ, ДЕМОКРАТІЯ І ВЛАДА В КОНТЕКСТІ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ СУБ’ЄКТИВАЦІЇ

Abstract

The essence of politics as a conflict sphere of human existence is revealed. On the example of the concept of the political, K. Schmitt demonstrated the importance of the dilemma of inclusion/exclusion as fundamental to political life. The heuristic potential of the «friend-enemy» distinction for understanding the political and its characteristic attributes: publicity, conflict, and emergency are revealed. In the article, politics is defined as a revolutionary, groundless and distributed space for the joint realization of the human in man. It appears as a way of cultivating a free person. The anthropological dimension of politics allows us to reveal the logic of political subjectivation as an individualization of the universal. The purpose of the article is to study politics as a space of inclusion, in which political subjectivation is carried out through the individualization of the universal. The works of domestic and foreign authors were used to consider the problem raised in the article. The research is based on the principles of such methodological approaches as critical, interdisciplinary, systemic and comparative analysis, as well as on general scientific principles of objectivity and historicism. The potential of distinguishing between politics and the police as two forms of social existence is analyzed. If politics has as its consequence and result inclusion, the manifestation in public space of the presence and voice of the marginalized, then the police unfolds in a consensus-structured environment of power, identities, places and statuses. Inclusion is characterized as the essence of a political process, the task of which is to revise the foundations of beingamong-others and involve more people in the debate about the common good. A distinction is drawn between inclusion and integration. If the first is carried out as a political process, then the second is a consequence of depoliticization. Political inclusion is presented as a process of formation of a distributed unity, the configuration of distribution and the whole of which is the subject of a dispute, the conditions of which are ensured by democracy.