ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ИНТЕНСИВНОГО ПРУДОВОГО РЫБОВОДСТВА НА КАЧЕСТВО ВОДЫ В ПРУДАХ

Abstract

The article focuses on the problem of obtaining high-quality fish products, for which it is necessary to take into account the specific conditions of each water body. Ponds intensively exploited for fish farming suffer from the violation of the hydrochemical regime of water, accumulation of a significant mass of phytoplankton and increase of organic pollution, which results in fish illness and death. The issues of participation of hydrobionts in the processes of reservoir self-cleaning and the influence of fish-breeding processes on hydrochemical and microbiological characteristics of water in the fish farms are being investigated. The work was carried out on the basis of two fish hatcheries in the Saratov region: “Engels Fish hatchery” LLC and “Teplovsky Fish hatchery” FSUE. Water samples for the study were taken from ponds with uterine population of carp and nursery ponds with polyculture of carp and herbivorous fish, carp monoculture and carp and white carp polyculture. It has been noted that the examined nursery ponds belong to the type mesosaprobic reservoirs. They have a powerful potential for self-purification. With the increasing number of bacteria involved in recycling of dissolved organic matter there is a decrease in biochemical oxigen demand and chemical oxygen demand. In the fish pond microorganisms that provide the processes of water self-purification find favorable conditions for their development and reproduction, especially in polyculture environment. The best indicators of biochemical oxygen demand were observed in ponds with a polyculture of carp and silver carp, because silver carp is a biological ameliorator of the aquatic ecosystem. Maintaining optimal balance between all parts of the hydrobiocenosis of the fishpond and the biochemical processes occurring with the participation of hydrobionts, which contribute to the purification of water, has a positive effect on the quality of water in the reservoir.