НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ В КОСТИ И ИНТЕРФЕЙСЕ «ИМПЛАНТАТ — КОСТЬ»

Abstract

Introduction. This article presents the results of mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state in the bone tissue surrounding the implant and the implant-bone connection depending on the diameter and length of the implant in the case of different directions of force application and the implant-bone implant installation angle.
 Target. To study the effect of the diameter, length of the implant and the load angle on the stress fields in a three-dimensional implant-bone system with finite elements and determine the effect of the load angle on the stress fields with a change in diameter and length.
 Materials and methods. To study the distribution and analysis of the stress-strain state in the bone tissue around implants of different diameters and lengths during dental implantation, a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower jaw was created. Three models were developed using computed tomography and the Universal Surgical Integration System software.
 Results. In all cases studied, the maximum stresses were achieved in the cortical bone due to its greater rigidity. However, since cortical and cancellous bone have different strength characteristics, it was necessary to consider the stress in these areas separately.
 In the cortical bone, the maximum stresses were always reached near the edge of the hole and the contact with the implant, respectively. In cancellous bone, in many cases, the maximum stresses were noted in the region of the implant apex. At the same time, when the implant is placed at an angle or in the buccolingual direction of load application, the stresses are redistributed in favor of the cancellous bone.
 Findings. Thus, in general, it can be concluded that an increase in the length and diameter of the implant leads to a noticeable decrease in stresses in the bone tissue surrounding the implant and in the implant-bone junction. The obtained results demonstrated that implants of small diameter and length, installed in the jawbone at an oblique loading angle, are the least favorable option for stress distribution at the implant-bone interface.