ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ НОРМ ВЫСЕВА

Abstract

The article outlines the problems of increasing the photosynthetic activity of winter wheat, depending on the seeding rates and varietal characteristics. Based on the study of scientific literature, the state of knowledge of the issue is shown, data are given on the role of photosynthesis and seeding rates in the formation of wheat grain yield. The results of the formation of grain yields have been studied in detail and covered quite fully. The best seeding rates have been identified that provide the optimal leaf surface area for winter wheat plants. Based on the study of scientific literature, the results of studies on the influence of seeding rates on the formation of the leaf surface, photosynthetic potential and net productivity of photosynthesis are presented. Biological features of varieties, seeding rates and cultivation conditions are factors that affect the size of the photosynthetic apparatus and its intensity. Techniques leading to an improvement in the development of leaf area in crops are the most important means of fighting for a high yield. Thus, studies conducted in the steppe zone of the KBR showed that an increase in the leaf surface area of winter wheat varieties is associated with a change in seeding rates from 4.5 to 6.0 million/ha. The results of the research showed that the maximum leaf surface area of the studied varieties was in the earing phase and varied on average at a maximum seeding rate of 6.0 million/ha from 46.3 to 50.4 thousand m²/ha. Studies have established that with an increase in the sowing rate, the photosynthetic potential (FP) of varieties increases, reaching maximum values in the heading phase. In the winter wheat variety Yuzhanka, FP in the heading phase at a rate of 6.0 million sprouts. seeds per 1 ha amounted to 1.6081 thousand m² ha/days, for the variety Nota - 1.2651 thousand m² ha/days, respectively. As a result of the analysis of the literature, the main patterns of changes in the photosynthetic parameters of winter wheat varieties depending on the seeding rates, development phases and conditions of the natural zone were clarified. The conducted studies have shown that the area of the leaf surface and the duration of its work depend on the plant density, development phases and characteristics of the varieties. Based on a review of domestic and foreign scientific literature, the role of photosynthesis in the formation of crop yields is determined, and the relationship between the photosynthetic potential and assimilation surface and the size of field crop yields is shown. The influence of soil and climatic conditions, temperature and predecessors, mineral fertilizers, water regime and cultivation methods on the photosynthetic activity of agricultural crops was revealed.