Abstract
The article considers the crucial task of determining a strategy for effective and ecologically friendly utilization of automobile accumulator batteries (AAB) being one of the most dangerous for the environment recoverable vehicle components. For this purpose, basing on the descriptions of invention patents, the authors carried out the general information analysis of known innovative AAB utilization technologies and considered the technological procedures of AAB recycling utilization represented in descriptions of national patents for inventions of methods and technical devices used for their implementation. Moreover, a patent search was performed and the numbers of patents and patent applications for inventions on this topic of leading Western countries were identified. They include both the methods and technical devices for AAB utilization separation into individual constituent components – plumbiferous (zinc-containing), electrolyte solutions, polymeric housing elements, and the direct utilization recycled processing of each noted AAB constituent element. There is a great variety of well-known technological procedures for utilization processing of plumbiferous battery scrap that are based on the implementation of various thermochemical transformations in order to get raw materials suitable for reuse. The procedures of utilization processing of AAB electrolyte solutions and polymeric housing elements are represented least of all. Obviously, it is caused by the demand and economic interest in obtaining a much more valuable commodity product from plumbiferous (zinc-containing) scrap. At the same time, the more stringent environmental legislation forces AAB developers and manufacturers to create more efficient technological procedures of utilization processing of all AAB components. The authors highlighted the feasibly prospective way of development of ecologically friendly disposal of polymeric solid waste, which is based on materials recycling resulting into production of corresponding semi finished polymeric crushed fragments which can be used as the effective sound-absorbing substances within different types of noise reducing device constructions.
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