Государственный интерес и порочный круг полиции: модель Мишеля Фуко

Abstract

M. Foucault developed a model of the police as a political technology that sought to manage in accordance with the state interest (hereinafter GI). This model is based on the analysis of many phenomena of being and thinking. These include: temporal-spatial differences in the understanding of the term police during the XV–XVIII centuries; the connections of the police of Italy, Germany and France with the general balance of Europe; the genesis of the police in these countries to establish the national specifics of police science; the genesis of the concept of state benefit as a bureaucratic innovation and the basis of the utopia of the police state. Foucault established that for two hundred years (XV–XVI centuries), the term police was understood in three ways: as communities under the control of the authorities, specific acts of management, positive overall results of management. However, in the next two hundred years (XVII–XVIII centuries) the police began to be called a set of tools that allow controlling the relationship between social order and the growth of state forces in order to ensure a link between the state's well-being and the happiness of all citizens. With this approach, the police qualified as a space-time synthesis of beauty, order and strength, which is guaranteed by the police as a set of “laws and regulations concerning the internal life of the State and seeking to strengthen and increase the power of this state, seeking to achieve the correct use of its forces”. The purpose of the article is to abstract the material of two Foucault lectures to systematize the real variety of aspects of the main problem indicated in the title. On this basis, the problem-heuristic potential of this fragment of M. Foucault's political theory is reconstructed.