Новые аспекты клеточной терапии ишемических заболеваний сердца (обзор литературы)

Abstract

The authors reviewed the modern methods of cell therapy for ischemic heart disease. The experimental and clinical researches demonstrated that transplantation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells contributes to reduction of the postinfarction scar size, to increase of left ventricular ejection fraction, to decrease of cardiac remodeling, resulting in the reduction of end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. This treatment promoted an increase of exercise tolerance, decrease of angina functional class and improved the quality of life. The best long-term results were observed for the early beginning of cell therapy and the implantation of cells directly into the myocardium. The cultures of resident cardiomyocyte progenitor cells significantly improved the results of treatment. Hypoxic preconditioning or low intensity laser irradiation enhanced the therapeutic potential of the cells cultured for transplantation, activated proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Good results were achieved with laser revascularization of myocardium before the cell transplantation. New non-invasive methods of treatment for ischemic heart disease, based on the increase in the concentration of stem cells in peripheral blood with G-CSF application or laser irradiation of the bone marrow localization areas were suggested.