Оцінка інноваційної діяльності за напрямами трансферу технологій підприємствами України

Abstract

The article aims at clarifying the classification features of the forms and directions of technology transfer, and analyzing empirical data on technology transfer operations in Ukraine. The effectiveness, efficiency and immediacy of technology transfer depend on the choice of its rational forms and directions of technology transfer. The combined form of transfer is considered to be most promising, as it encompasses the advantages of both the vertical and horizontal transfer forms based on the open innovation business model. Ukraine has prerequisites for the implementation of this form of technology transfer, but it is necessary to increase the innovative activity of industrial enterprises and research organizations, and to increase funding for innovation. In the future the authors plan to suggest an organizational and economic mechanism to increase innovation activity at the enterprise level. In 2007-2019 research and development at industrial enterprises (R&D) accounted for about 15% in the total cost of innovation, in average. The lowest share of R&D in total expenditures on innovation was observed in 2011 (7.5%), and the highest share was observed in 2018, comprising 26.3%. The share of costs for vertical transfer is 69.6-89.5%, which is much higher than that for horizontal transfer, which is 10.5-30.4%. The main reason for the decrease in the level of technology transfer at Ukrainian enterprises is the limited funding from the state and the negative investment climate in the country. The share of non-commercial transfers has been lower than 1% since 2012. Combined transfer based on digital technology platforms is virtually absent.