Евапотранспірація та врожайність соняшнику і нуту за краплинного зрошення

Abstract

Goal. Set the parameters of irrigation regimes, evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop and chickpea yields depending on the designs of drip irrigation systems and water supply regime. Methods. Shortterm field experiments, analytical and statistical methods of experimental data processing. The results. It has been proven that the method of laying irrigation pipelines of drip irrigation systems significantly affects the parameters of evapotranspiration, the water regime, and the yield of sunflower and chickpea in the conditions of the Dry Steppe. Thus, sunflower evapotranspiration parameters were at the level of 2,94–3,05 thousand m3/ha in non-irrigated conditions, 4,36–4,62 thousand m3/ha with underground placement of irrigation pipelines (at a depth of 0,3 m) and 4,73–5,24 thousand m3/ha for the above-ground placement of irrigation pipelines. The same parameters for growing chickpeas were: 3,15 thousand m3/ha in non-irrigated conditions, 5,47–5,76 thousand m3/ha under subsoil drip irrigation and 6,23–6,99 thousand m3/ha — for the above-ground placement of irrigation pipelines. The amount of evapotranspiration when implementing the pulse water supply regime was 4,85 thousand m3/ha and 5,69 thousand m3/ha for sunflower and chickpea, respectively. Conclusions. The introduction of subsurface drip irrigation is more appropriate for the cultivation of sunflower and chickpea, which is explained by their drought resistance. The variant with subsurface laying of irrigation pipelines of drip irrigation provided almost identical yield parameters with lower plant water consumption coefficients. Thus, the minimum water consumption coefficients (1077,8 m3/t — sunflower, 1329,7 m3/t — chickpea) were obtained under the condition of implementation of the pulse water supply mode. The same version of the experiment provided the highest level of crop yield — 4,50 t/ha for growing sunflowers and 4,28 t/ha for chickpeas.