Семеноводство сои на орошении в условиях Левобережья Саратовской области

Abstract

The article discusses the main stages of soybean cultivation using irrigation in the arid conditions of the Left Bank of the Saratov region. The purpose of the work is to analyze the technology of soybean cultivation under irrigation in the arid conditions of the Saratov region, to establish optimal irrigation periods and norms. A brief technological scheme is presented, including soil preparation, sowing, irrigation, harvesting and post-harvest refinement of soybeans. In the conditions of the Left Bank of the Saratov region, it is necessary to cultivate soybeans for seed purposes using zoned varieties, strictly in accordance with agro technology and irrigation. Compliance with agro technological techniques allows you to obtain stable soybean yields with minimal application of herbicides and rational use of irrigation water. Depending on the conditions of moisture availability of the growing season, from 3 to 5 watering is carried out with a rate of 450‑600 m3 / ha. Watering is usually carried out from mid-June to mid-August. If dry conditions form after germination, the first watering is carried out even earlier – in the phases of formation of 2‑3 nodes on the plant. Critical phases of development for soybeans in terms of sensitivity to lack of moisture are the phases of flowering – bean formation – seed filling, this period lasts the duration of which is 1.5‑2 months. During that period, the soil moisture in the 0.5‑0.7 m layer should be at least 60‑65% the lowest moisture capacity (LC) on light soils, 70% LC on medium and 75‑80% LC on heavy soils. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the depth of groundwater in order to avoid their contact with irrigation water. The total water demand, taking into account the coefficient of water use (CWU) and the efficiency of irrigated areas, is 296‑518 thousand for soybean irrigation m3 per irrigation period, depending on the conditions of moisture availability during the growing season. At the same time, the last watering carried out in the conditions of the Saratov Left Bank in August should be carried out strictly taking into account the predicted weather conditions.