Молекулярно-генетический анализ в стратификации риска рака щитовидной железы

Abstract

Summary: to conduct a comparative analysis of histological samples in the group of benign and malignant thyroid formations using molecular genetic testing: determination of the BRAFV600E mutation, expression of the HMGA2 gene, microRNA (miR, miRNA). To identify possible correlation of these markers with an unfavorable cancer prognosis. Material and methods. The study included 112 patients who underwent surgery for nodular pathology of the thyroid gland. In all patients, the level of 12 miRNA expression was determined by reverse transcription reaction followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, as well as the presence of BRAFV600E mutation and HMGA2 gene expression. Results. The BRAFV600E mutation can be considered a specific diagnostic marker for papillary thyroid cancer. According to the results of our study, the BRAFV600E mutation was not found in patients with follicular and medullary thyroid cancer, as well as in individuals with benign thyroid formations. The BRAF mutation is not a reliable prognostic marker, since the relationship with aggressive tumor characteristics has not been proved. The model obtained in our study based on the determination of miR7m2 and 451am2 expression levels showed moderate prognostic value. The diagnostic value of our model based on determining the expression level of miR146bm3, 221m2, 375m4, 7m2 was high. Therefore, determining the level of expression of oncogenic miR31, -146b, -155, -357, -551b can be recommended as a differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid formations. Conclusion. In clinical practice, miRNA expression profiles can be used for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid formations