Abstract
Phyto-emitters for plants are used to grow vegetables in cold climates all year round and to increase the yield in places with insufficient solar radiation. In recent years, the crop lighting industry has been undergoing innovative changes. Thanks to light-emitting diodes, the market for plant lighting is growing rapidly. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the market of lighting for crop production, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various phyto-emitters for growing plants in closed agroecosystems. (Materials and methods) The article presents a review on the state of the vegetable growing sector in the closed ground in Russia, as well as works on phyto-emitters for growing plants. The collected materials on phyto-emitters were classified and analyzed, and the prospects for their implementation were proposed. Authors used the methods of a systematic approach. (Results and discussion) The possibilities of light-emitting diodes and arc sodium tube lamps were studied. The device of phyto-emitters on top of the canopy of high vegetable crops leads to an uneven distribution of light, LED irradiators in the aisle leads to an increase in the amount of harvest. It was found that LED lamps are more effective for shelving plant cultivation. In cold climates, plant factories can be more rational than greenhouses with additional illumination under LED lighting. LED irradiators for crop production were classified according to the type of lamp. The article lists the most popular types of phyto-emitters based on LEDs. LED lighting systems designed to provide a sufficient level of photosynthetically active radiation are ideal for growing plants. (Conclusions) The selection of the spectrum of photosynthetically active radiation for plants can accelerate their growth and development, improve the quality of plants and fruits. Despite the impressive characteristics of LED irradiators, arc sodium tube lamps continue to be competitive when used as the main lighting in greenhouses.
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