Аналіз технічних характеристик акумуляторних батарей і систем заряджання електромобілів

Abstract

Electric cars are a promising area for the development of infrastructure and transport. Almost all international automotive corporations are investing heavily in the development of electric vehicles. The article presents the classification of electric vehicles and reviews the technical characteristics of batteries and their charging systems. To date, the most promising are lithium-ion batteries. They have the following advantages: high efficiency in the process of charge-discharge, high density of electric energy (kW·h/kg). At the same time, the relative disadvantage of lithium-ion batteries is the small number of charge-discharge cycles (about 500 cycles), which corresponds to about 250 thousand km for the Tesla Model S electric car, after which the battery must be replaced. The basic energy parameters and charge-discharge characteristics of lithium-ion batteries used in Tesla electric vehicles are presented. Four types of charging stations are identified and classified. According to what the first type – describes the process of charging an electric vehicle directly from a single-phase network. The second type has a difference from the first by the presence of electrical protection. The third type is the charge of an electric vehicle with a three-phase AC voltage. The fourth type is a charge with direct current and high power, which makes it possible to carry out the charge process faster. The types of internationally standardized plugs for charging electric vehicles are considered: CHAdeMO – a standard developed inJapanandChina, CSS1 – North American, CSS2 – European and TeslaSupercharger standard. One of the most important indicators of electric vehicles is the charge-discharge characteristics of batteries and their chargers. This is due to the maximum range for one battery charge and efficiency, that is, the actual financial cost of electricity. In existing chargers with significant values of the charge current (type 4 charging), large losses of electricity occur, therefore, the issue of developing our own technical solutions to improve the technical characteristics of charging stations of electric vehicles is relevant.