ВЫСОТА РАСТЕНИЙ-ОБРАЗЦОВ ТРИТИКАЛЕ РАЗЛИЧНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ И УРОВНЯ ПЛОИДНОСТИ

Abstract

The great attention that is now being paid to triticale by breeders is due to the hopes of combining in one organism all the valuable that wheat and rye can give. The study of morphological characters using the most typical samples of triticale, characterizing the ecologicalgeographic and genotypic diversity of this synthetic genus, allows us to reveal the patterns of their variability for use in breeding programs and in taxonomy. As a result of studying 36 samples of triticale of various origins and ploidy different levels in terms of plant height and resistance to lodging, it was found that there is a very close correlation between these two parameters. Spring and winter forms significantly differ from each other in terms of plant height. Spring forms are lower than winter ones. The largest number of spring triticale samples have plant height from 110 to 130 cm, and hexaploids – from 130 to 150 cm. The majority of hexaploid triticale spring forms were obtained in Mexico and Russia. Mexican triticale plants are much lower in height than Russian ones. A close correlation was established between the resistance to lodging of triticale plants and the length of the stem. As a rule, specimens with heights not higher than 115 cm are characterized by high resistance to lodging. The amplitude of variability in plant height in triticale is quite significant at all ploidy levels. The range of variation in plant height is greatest at the hexaploid level – from 50 to 200 cm. In tetraploids it ranges from 70 to 160 cm, in octoploids – from 80 to 170 cm. The highest average value of plant height in octoploid forms of triticale is 133.8 cm, in tetraploids – 122.7 cm, and the smallest in hexaploids – 114.5 cm. This is explained by intensive selection work carried out at this level of ploidy.