Антиоксидантный профиль ретроплацентарной крови при физиологической беременности и преэклампсии

Abstract

The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) is based on the disorders of placental circulation, which develop due to the impaired migration of extravillous trophoblast. Local processes at the maternal-fetal interface can be assessed through the retroplacental blood (RB) which flows during placental separation. Objective. To study the parameters of antioxidant status of RB in uncomplicated pregnancy and PE. Patients and methods. The study included 50 pregnant women: 36 women with uncomplicated pregnancy and 14 women with PE. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma was measured by the luminol chemiluminescence method. Results. In uncomplicated pregnancy, total antioxidant capacity of RB was increased compared to peripheral blood (PB) (1236 ± 344 sec vs. 852 ± 246 sec; p < 0.0001), which indicates that RB provides a balance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants at the maternal-placental-fetal interface. The increase in total antioxidant capacity of RB plasma in PE compared to uncomplicated pregnancy (1716 ± 922 sec vs. 1236 ± 344 sec; p = 0.007) may be both compensatory and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. Thus, the prevention and treatment of PE with antioxidants should be discussed. The increase in total antioxidant capacity of RB plasma was observed in severe PE (2304 ± 948 sec vs. 1236 ± 344 sec, p < 0.0001), which is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Conclusion. Our pilot study of the antioxidant defense status of retroplacental blood shows that pre-eclampsia leads to a significant imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants at the maternal-placental-fetal interface. Key words: antioxidants, antioxidant capacity, pre-eclampsia, retroplacental blood, chemiluminescence