Врачи-иностранцы в произведениях Ф.М. Достоевского: ономастический аспект

Abstract

We reveal the specificity of anthroponymicon of doctors-foreigners in the Dostoevsky’s works. The writer’s appeal to the image of a doctor is due to the desire of F.M. Dostoevsky to answer the question whether a person of this profession is only a healer of the body or can act as a healer of the soul and even spirit. Reflections on the purpose of the doctor dictated by the F.M. Dostoevsky biography: in the field of medicine worked not only the writer's father – M.A. Dostoevsky, but also his great-uncle V.M. Kotelnitsky. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of anthroponymic vocabulary used for doctors nominations. Doctors’ list of names in Dostoevsky's literary texts is socially and nationally determined, as well as chronotopical: the abundance of foreign anthroponyms is a vivid characteristic of the era depicted by the writer, when medical practice was conducted by specialists who came from other countries. F.M. Dostoevsky creates anthroponyms according to traditional models typical for a particular language. At the same time, he uses an easily disclosed etymology, in connection with which many foreign surnames can be attributed to “eloquent” and comic, contributing to the creation of an incompetent and strange doctor’s image. Another common technique of onomastic Dostoevsky’s laboratory is the assimilation of foreign name with Russian – with the aim of reducing or disclosure of the doctor’s image.