ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ АМПЕЛОЭКОТОПОВ ДЛЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ВИНОГРАДА В СЕВАСТОПОЛЬСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ

Abstract

The article presents the research results on the degree of favorability of agro-ecological conditions of Sevastopol for grapevine cultivation. The analysis according to the available multi-year data of weather stations of the Crimean peninsula is given. The following climatic indices characterizing vegetation period and grape ripening period were calculated: sum of temperatures above 20°C, ratio of sum of temperatures above 20 °C to sum of temperatures above 10 °C, Huglin and Winkler indices, average temperature of vegetation period, Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient, sum of precipitation per year and vegetation period. Besides, the main agro-ecological factors limiting the possibility and efficiency of grapevine cultivation were considered: average of absolute minima of air temperature and sum of active temperatures above 10 °С. A digital complex map of the spatial distribution of these indices on the analyzed territory was constructed by means of geoinformation modeling. The distribution of Sevastopol territories that are not suitable for vineyards establishment was analyzed: with unfavorable soil conditions, with a height of more than 600 m above sea level, with a slope of over 20 degrees, as well as lands of forest and reserve funds. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of agro-ecological conditions in the territory of Sevastopol 9 ampeloecotopes were identified. According to the results of the comparison of agro-ecological conditions of the selected ampeloecotopes with the requirements of grapevine varieties to growing conditions, taking into account the dependence of the quality indicators of viticulture and winemaking products on agro-ecological factors, recommendations for agroecological optimization of the varietal composition and terroir specialization of the viticulture and winemaking industry in the territory of the city of federal significance − Sevastopol were developed.