고대 오리엔트 도시화의 제의현상 연구 : 가옥신당과 가옥 신을 중심으로

Abstract

Personal gods in ancient Oriental countries received daily prayers as well as laments, and their clients honored them with libations, food, and incense offerings in domestic shrines or semi-public shrines rather than in the large royal or state temples. In light of this premise, the purpose of this paper is to articulate the Mesopotamian antecedents of ancient Oriental personal gods and household shrines and of the southern Levant ones, and their cultic phenomena were one of the major characteristics in the urbanism of ancient Orient.<BR> Thus, this paper articulates that ancient Oriental family/houses including Mesopotamia, as well as Phoenicia, Philistine, and Israel/Judah had similar domestic or semi-public shrines for serving family gods(teraphim) for the purpose of protecting the members and interests of the households. By using textual and archaeological evidence in ancient Orient, this paper shows that although the style of cultic artifacts including figurines, podium, platform, benches, incense burners, and altar change with the era and various ethnic group, and the names of personal gods and goddesses vary, the concepts that motivate votive relationships with personal protective deities(teraphim) remain continuous across the ages and geographical boundaries of the ancient Orient, from Bronze Age and Neo-Assyrian Mesopotamia to Iron Age Phoenicia, Philistine, and Israel/Judah as the cultic phenomena of the urbanism in ancient Orient.