ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ СТРУКТУРИ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ НА МАЙБУТНЄ

Abstract

The complex conditions of today's Ukraine lead to the need for a thorough analysis of the economic state of our country in order to forecast and plan its development prospects. Among the popular models of the economy regarding the structural analysis of its components is the sectoral model. The leading sector of the economy of highly developed European countries is the service sector. It employs 65% of the economically active population. Institutions of the service sector create about 70% of the GDP of the countries of the European Union and the contribution of the service sector to the economic growth of Europe exceeds the contribution of industry. Countries with transition economies are at the industrial or industrial-agrarian stage of development. The share of industry in the structure of the national income of these countries is on average from 45 to 60%. In most countries, the secondary sector of the economy prevails. The question regarding the dynamics of changes in the economy of Ukraine in recent years is relevant. That is why we chose three years (2019-2021) and part of 2022 year to study using mathematical methods of statistics different sectors of the economy (primary sector (agro-industrial sector), secondary sector (industry), tertiary sector (services)). So, based on the received data, it can be concluded that in the sectoral model of the economy of Ukraine, the primary sector of the economy accounts for 20.06% of the total volume of GDP, the secondary sector accounts for 21.16% of the total volume of GDP and the tertiary sector currently provides 58.43% of Ukraine's GDP. Therefore, it can be concluded that the sectoral model of our country's economy is significantly different from the model of highly developed countries, where the share of the tertiary sector is more than 70%, and the primary sector is of 2-6% and accordingly Ukraine can be classified as a country with a transition economy. A comparison of the import-export component of Ukraine with the USA emphasizes the raw material component of Ukraine's exports and the need to develop the processing industry of the economy with an emphasis on the features of the leading positions of Ukraine in such areas as the IT industry, where Ukraine occupies one of the leading places in the world. The practical value of the presented materials is to study the structural components of the Ukrainian economy on the basis of current statistics with subsequent conclusions when compared with the economies of leading countries for the prospects of successful economic development of the Ukrainian economy in the future.