Распространенность кератоконуса и пограничных состояний по данным эпидемиологических исследований

Abstract

Purpose. To study the prevalence of keratoconus and borderline conditions, as well as their association with ophthalmological parameters among the population of the Southern Urals in population-based studies. Material and methods. On the basis of the Ufa Eye Research Institute, population-based studies were conducted in three age groups: among children and adolescents of school age (6–17 years old) – 4,890 people, respondents 40+ years old and over 85 years old – 5,314 and 651, respectively. Standard and additional ophthalmological examinations were performed, as well as a retrospective analysis of keratotopograms of both eyes of the respondents. For statistical processing of the obtained results, the SPSS application software package was used, the significance criteria were applied: χ², Student’s t-test and Fisher’s criterion (F-test) of variance analysis. Results. The results of the analysis of population studies data showed that the incidence of keratoconus in different age groups of the population is 0.02%, among children and adolescents of school age, 0.07% – in respondents 40+, 0.15% – over 85 years old. Borderline conditions (steep cornea) are more common at the age of 85+ (6.45%), much less common in 40+ (2.11%) and even more rare in children and adolescents (0.09%). At the same time, the frequency of occurrence of borderline conditions correlated in children with a shorter axial length of the eye, and in adults with a shorter axial length, a higher index of myopic and cylindrical refraction, a smaller thickness and a larger volume of the cornea, and a larger thickness of the lens. Conclusion.In the group of children and adolescents, the prevalence of keratoconus was 0.02%, in respondents 40+ – 0.07%, over 85 years of age – 0.15%. The prevalence of borderline conditions (steep cornea) increased with age – from 0.09% to 2.11% and 6.45%, respectively. Key words:keratoconus, prevalence, borderline conditions, population-based studies