Abstract
4 types of protective forest stands have been studied: moor, slope, soil, roadside on the degraded lands of the Eastern Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Protective forests of artificial origin, formed of pine, larch, spruce, poplar, birch, maple, elm. The following types of forest biogeocenosis are distinguished: pine grass, mixed birch forest, spruce grass, poplar motley grass. Protective forest phytocenoses have a significant variety of plants, 14 species of woody, 6 species of shrubby and semi-shrub species, 39 species of herbaceous plants have been identified. In the composition of phytocoenoses, pine plantations predominate, the share of deciduous crops is low - 7-12%. Protective stands of slope landscapes of the forest-steppe of the Kama region have 1st class of age for coniferous species and I-II classes of age for hardwoods, are characterized by high productivity: they grow according to II-I class of bonitet. Pine stands are highly productive, single-stage, clean in composition. The largest reserve of wood is the mixed pine forest. The average diameter of plantations varies from 7.3 to 10.9 cm, the average height varies from 5.7 to 8.8 m. Type of forest conditions D2 (fresh oak forest). Deciduous protective plantations of poplar hybrids-38 and birch bark have a high survival rate and productivity (class I bonitet). The average diameter of plantations varies from 5.3 to 6.8 cm, the average height varies from 6.0 to 7.0 m. Plantations grow: on fertile gray forest soils developed on deluvial and loesslike loams; brown-brown forest soils developed on Permian rocks; rendzinas typical and leached, developed on limestones. The soils have a loose composition of the upper horizons, which transform into dense horizons in the lower horizons; medium loamy, heavy loam and light-clay granulometric composition, good water-resistant structure, high content of agronomically valuable aggregates of 0.25-10 mm in size, saturated with organic matter, and possess high forest growth properties.
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