중국 ‘개혁개방’ 이전, 고대 농민전쟁에 대한 인식 - 양보정책론을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Mao Zedong defined peasant riots and peasant wars as the motive force of historical evolution (development) in “The Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party of China”. However, even if the peasant rebellion (or war) succeeded in Chinese history, the feudal ruling system did not change. In order to solve this contradiction, some researchers put forward the so-called “policy of concession” theory. That is to say, the peasant riot (or war) oppressed “the ruling class”, and made them take some concessions to the peasants. At that time, it had a deep influence in the academic circle. But there was room for argument. This is because if we focus on the “concession” of “the ruling class” rather than the “pressure” of “the peasants” , the subject of historical evolution (development) becomes “the ruling class”, not “the peasants”. Therefore, supporting it was defined as a reactionary support for “the ruling class”, and this criticism became blindly violent during the Cultural Revolution as it intertwined with the “theory of class struggle”. Then why did it become so violent? This is due to the fact that after the establishment of the so-called “New China”, the CPC had to establish a new somewhat conservative ruling ideology, but still continued to emphasize the radical revolutionary ideology. It was because any action against the object of struggle could be justified in the revolutionary ideology that reflects the theory of class struggle.