ОЦІНКА АДАПТИВНОЇ ЗДАТНОСТІ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ СКОРОСТИГЛИХ ГІБРИДІВ КУКУРУДЗИ (ZEA MAYS L.) В КОНТРАСТНИХ УМОВАХ ВИПРОБУВАННЯ

Abstract

<p><strong>Objective.</strong> Assessment of adaptive ability and environmental stability of new early-season maize hybrids created on the basis of inbred lines of hybrid germplasm and alternative germplasms was performed. <strong>Methods.</strong> Field, mathematical, and statistical. <strong>Results.</strong> The results revealed parameters of an adaptive capacity and environmental stability of 11 new inbred maize lines when testing their testcrosses obtained based on 3 testers. The DK285, DK265 and DK412 constant lines, the testcrosses of which had the highest average grain yield (5.49; 5.38; 5.25 t/ha respectively) were distinguished during the research period and they were characterized by high total adaptive capacity (1.48; 1,14; 0.75 respectively) with an intensive and plastic type of response to the variability of growing conditions. It was determined that Cross 267C sister hybrid was distinguished among the tester genotypes by the high values of the effects of the overall adaptive capacity (1.19) and the highest average yield of testcrosses (5.11 t/ha).</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>. We observed strong fluctuations in the average yield of grain from 1.96 to 8.13 t/ha during the study period. The level of manifestation of breeding characteristics and parameters of the ecological stability of genotypes depended on weather conditions which changed drastically during the study period and often negatively affected the assessment of genotypes. The high gradient variability of the test environments revealed a significant dependence of the stability-indicating parameters on the productivity of testcrosses. The correlation analysis showed the dependence of the hybrids productivity on the level of implementation of biometric indices of the plant under steppe conditions.</p>