Этапы эволюции государственного регулирования банковской системы в России с XVII – до начала XX века

Abstract

The historical aspects of the development of the Russian system of state regulation of banking activities are considered. The subject of the study is the forms and mechanisms of such regulation in their historical dynamics. The state regulation of banking activities in Tsarist Russia went through a long period of formation from the establishment of simple rules and norms in the field of monetary relations in the 17th–18th centuries to the creation of a set of control actions that regulate the banking system, which was quite developed for its time, to the early 20th century. The study of the evolution of the banking system and its state regulation shows their close relationship with the dynamics of the country’s socio-economic development. Models of socio-economic de-velopment typical for a number of periods in the history of Russia are considered, we show the re-lationship between changes in these models in certain periods and the dynamics of the banking system, forms and tools of its state regulation. The main characteristics of the model of socio-economic development are considered, the development of these characteristics in separate periods is shown. A meaningful interpretation of the state regulation of banking activities in its dynamics from simple forms to a relatively developed complex is proposed, taking into account the evolution of the model of socio-economic development. The conclusion is made about the prevailing role of the state in the formation of the banking system, about its orientation towards solving the economic problems facing the country.