ВИХОВНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ ІГРАШКИ ДЛЯ ХЛОПЧИКІВ В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ ХІ–ХVІІІ ст. (НА ПРИКЛАДІ КЕРАМІЧНИХ КОНИКІВ)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of children’s toys (ceramic grasshoppers) for boys as a means of education in Ukrainian society of the 11th – 18th centuries. The author explores their educational value in terms of preparing the child for adult life, in the context of family relationships between parents and children. Because parents try to instill in their children the skills that she will need in adulthood. In addition, they are not always close to the child, and therefore can provide the child with a toy as a substitute for their presence, which continues the upbringing. It is established that the key role in learning with the help of toys belongs to the game process, the plots of which are influenced by the environment. After all, a child takes as an example to follow the behavior of their parents and their activities in everyday life. It is noted that fairy tales are designed to help parents to bring up, and the child – to better absorb the image provided. They trace the image of a child engaged in adult activities. The article also pays attention to tracing the change in the main areas of education of boys with the help of ceramic grasshoppers in Ukrainian society during this period. The focus is on the relationship between changing the appearance of the toy and changing the direction of education (fixing a certain image). On some toys there are additional elements that serve as a detail of the gameplay, and thus bring it as close as possible to the real animal. It is determined that during the XI–XVIII centuries. The main semantic load contained in the ceramic conic remains, but which undergoes certain modifications over time. Ceramic toys from the exposition of the Museum of Antiquities of Podillya (Kamianets-Podilskyi), the Volyn Museum of Local Lore and the funds of the Museum of the History of the City of Kyiv are involved in the research.