НАУКОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ІЗ ЗЕМЛЕРОБСТВА В УМАНСЬКОМУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОМУ ІНСТИТУТІ (КІНЕЦЬ ХIX – ДРУГА ПОЛОВИНА XX СТ.): ДО 175 - Ї РІЧНИЦІ ЗАСНУВАННЯ

Abstract

The article presents the historical and scientific analysis of the process of formation and development of scientific research on agriculture at Uman Agricultural Institute in the historical context. It was established that scientific research on agriculture dates back to 1868, when the Main School of Horticulture was reorganized in the Uman College of Agriculture and Horticulture. It was found that the first studies on soil cultivation and fertilization were conducted in the period from 1886-1912 by Professor M.K. Vasyliev. In 1912 Professor M.K. Vasyliev published the first Ukrainian textbook on plant growing and forestry called «Private agriculture or the study of field and meadow crops». It was established that the activity of V.V. Pashkevych at Uman School contributed to the further development of fruit and ornamental horticulture and viticulture in the Russian Empire, and later in Ukraine. It is noted that S.M. Vukolov, while working at Uman School of Horticulture and Agriculture, for the first time first organized teaching of vegetable growing on a scientific basis. It is emphasized that P.G. Shytt was the first school teacher who began to study the root system and nutrition of the fruit trees, the patterns of growth and cycling of their ontogenetic development. Great attention is paid to the exploratory works of Professor F.V. Zamorskyi, who, on the basis of the study of content and species composition of weeds in rye and wheat seeds, proposed wholly justified measures of weed control. It has been established that the personal contribution of the scientists and teachers of Uman School to the formation of scientific principles of agriculture is undoubtedly significant and contributes to the provision of high and stable crops of agricultural products. Particular attention is paid to the main scientific achievement of the prominent scientist-agronomist – Professor S.S. Rubin in horticulture and field agriculture. It was investigated that the main directions of his scientific and research work were: soil maintenance and fertilization in fruit plantations, crop rotation and soil cultivation under field crops.