Наследование признака высокого содержания олеиновой кислоты в масле семян F2 и поколения BC1 рапса озимого (Brassica napus L.)

Abstract

The aim of the work was to study the patterns of inheritance of the trait of high oleic content in the F2 and generation BC1 of winter rapeseed in order to obtain new knowledge about the genetic mechanisms of the high oleic acid contents in seed oil and scientifically based approaches to the development of the breeding germplasm with a high content of oleic acid. The studies were carried out in 2021– 2022 in the field. The material was reciprocal F1 hybrids from crossings of the high-oleic line VN-1848 (79.3%) and two lines from the cultivars Sarmat and Selegor of VNIIMK breeding with the traditional content of oleic acid in seed oil – 62.1 and 60.5%, respectively. Hybrids F1 were used to produce BC1 seeds. F2 and BC1 generations were obtained in 2022. In F2 hybrids, splitting into two phenotypic classes was observed in a ratio of 15 : 1. The first one included lines with oleic acid content in seed oil less than 79%, the second one – lines with high rates of this trait at the level or higher than the parental high-oleic component (18 : 1 > 79%). This proposes the control of a trait by two pairs of non-allelic genes with an additive effect. As a result of backcrosses using the high-oleic lines VN-1848 as the maternal component, 55 genotypes with a low content of oleic acid (18 : 1 < 79%) and 11 genotypes with high levels of this trait (18 : 1 > 79%) were obtained. This corresponded to a splitting ratio of 3 : 1. All χ2 values turned out to be less than 3.8, p > 0.05.The results of the studies confirm our assumption that the oleic acid content in seed oil is controlled by two pairs of non-allelic genes; the manifestation of this trait in plants is observed only when all alleles are in a homozygous recessive state.