ВЛИЯНИЕ ТИПА СТЕРИЛЬНОЙ ЦИТОПЛАЗМЫ НА СЕЛЕКЦИОННО-ЦЕННЫЕ ПРИЗНАКИ ГИБРИДОВ F1 СОРГО В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПО ВЛАГООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ УСЛОВИЯХ

Abstract

Some researchers have found the influence of sterile cytoplasm on the manifestation of biological and valuable breeding traits in sorghum. In addition, some authors detect the influence of sterile cytoplasm, while others describe the absence of differences between F1 hybrids obtained from CMS lines with the same nuclear genome and differing only in the type of sterile cytoplasm. In this context, the aim of the research was to determine the effect of sterile cytoplasms A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 and meteorological conditions of growing F1 hybrids of grain sorghum on the main valuable breeding traits. In this work, F1 hybrids were obtained on the basis of CMS lines with the Karlik 4v genome and six types of sterile cytoplasm, and the Vostorg line was used as a pollinator. The studies were carried out in 2016–2018, with different hydrothermal regimes of plant growing seasons (GTK=0.51–1.01). As a result of the experiment, for the first time an increase in plant height during maturation was found in the A5 Karlik 4v/Vostorg hybrid (123.3 cm) compared to hybrids on cytoplasms A1, A2, A3, A4, A6 (118.0 cm); a decrease in the flag leaf area was found in the A3 Karlik 4v/ hybrid (104.4 cm2) compared to hybrids on cytoplasms A2, A4, A5 and A6 (130.3–136.3 cm2). On average, during the test period, hybrids on A1 and A5 cytoplasms produced a higher biomass yield (18.53–18.57 t/ha) than hybrids on A4 and A6 cytoplasms (13.76–15.91 t/ha), but the differences were not significant. At the same time, the contribution of the factor “CMS type” to the totalvariability of breeding traits ranged from 1.4 to 14.0%; “meteorological conditions” of the year – 24.0–58.9%. When breeding sorghum hybrids using genetically different types of sterile cytoplasm, it is advisable to include a CMS line on the A5 cytoplasm in the crossing according to the complex of breeding characteristics.