Сучасні тенденції в доборі підщеп для промислового вирощування черешні (Cerasus avium L.)

Abstract

The authors present the results of analysing retrospectively the modern tendencies in the selection of rootstock for the sweet cherry industrial cultivation throughout the world and in Ukraine. In the practice of the world industrial horticulture clonal rootstocks for this crop began to be used widely only at the end of the previous century, that is almost 20 years ago, however their role was obviously overestimated. At present ideal rootstocks for sweet cherry are absent there fore main countries - producers of that crop fruits, as role, use the forms of their own breeding as well as various local adapted or introduced low clonal rootstocks. That’s why under the comparatively not large volume of the world sweet cherry fruits production (about 2,6 mln t) in the practice of the crop industrial growing a great rootstocks amount is utilized in different countries. According to the botanical origin their great versality are divided into derivatives from the largest rootstock group is constituted by the forms derivative of from remote and interspecial hybrids among which such known as Colt, Gisela, Piku, PHL, Studenykivska and others. The examples of the successful application of rootstocks are also interesting which have been selected from the promise myrobalan plum forms like Adara (Spain) and Myrobalan RI-I (USA). In the intense sweet cherry orchards on semidwarf and dwarf rootstock its average fruit mass has appeared to reduce considerably. That is not characteristic for the apple plantations on such rootstocks as well as does not meet the requirements of the global trade networks to the products marketable quality in accordance with which the fruit diameter must be not less than 28 mm. The mentioned fact shows that unlike apple at the present day fruit growing intensification stage the vigorous and average rootstocks are major ones in the sweet cherry orchards structure which provide the high products marketable quality during the long plantations productive application period. Thus that crop cultivation intensification must be accomplished on the basis of the thorough talking into consideration its biological peculiarities and the market requirements to the products marketable quality but not by means of its into the apple super dense analogues.