АНТИМИКРОБНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ И ФИТОТОКСИЧНОСТЬ ЭКСТРАКТОВ НЕКОТОРЫХ ВИДОВ РАСТЕНИЙ РОДА CENTAUREA

Abstract

The article presents data on the phytochemical composition and biological activity of extracts of plants of the genus Cornflower (Centaurea L.) - blue cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), meadow cornflower (Centaurea jacea L.), rough cornflower (Centaurea scabiosa L.), which are typical representatives flora of the middle zone of the Russian Federation, to assess the potential effectiveness of their use as plant protection drugs against phytopathogenic infections. The ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration of freshly harvested flowers, followed by filtration of the extract and concentration with the help of a rotary evaporator. The chemical composition of ethanol extracts was studied with the help of the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the components differed depending on the plant types. The largest number of compounds was identified in the plant extract of cornflower rough, the seven components prevailing – coumaran, L-arctigenin, stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin and tocopherol acetate. The bacteriostatic, bactericidal and fungicidal properties of the extracts varied over a wide concentration range of 0.6...20 mg/ml. The highest indicators of antibacterial activity were found in the rough cornflower - the minimum inhibiting and bactericidal concentrations were 0.6…5 mg/ml, the lowest in the meadow cornflower - 5...20 mg/ml, respectively. Clavibacter michiganensis was characterized by the highest sensitivity to the components of plant extracts. In the case of the phytopathogenic fungus, the growth-inhibiting antimicrobial activity of cornflower extracts was the same for all studied species, and the fungicidal activity was most pronounced in the meadow cornflower - the effective concentration was 1 mg/ml. Presowing treatment with ethanol extracts had an inhibitory effect on the germination of test plant seeds: at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, the germination of watercress decreased by 8...42% compared to the control, 10 mg/ml - by 30...100%. Presowing seed treatment inhibited the linear growth of watercress roots by 35...52% and the accumulation of raw biomass of seedlings and roots by 23...89%.