Аналіз стану поверхневих вод населених пунктів Закарпатської області протягом 2022-2023 років

Abstract

Objective. To study the pollution of surface waters of settlements of the Transcarpathian region during 2022-2023. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were the surface waters of settlements of the Transcarpathian region. The statistical data of the Transcarpathian Regional Center for Hydrometeorology on operational and diagnostic monitoring of surface waters of 34 dams of Transcarpathia was analyzed in accordance with the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of 19.09.1918, No. 758 "On Approval of the Procedure for State Monitoring of Waters." The assessment of physicochemical indicators of the quality of rivers of settlements of the Transcarpathian region was carried out in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine of 14.01.2018, No. 5 "On the approval of the Methodology for classifying the body of surface water, as well as the classification of an artificial or significantly altered body of surface water to one of the classes of ecological potential of an artificial or significantly altered body of surface water". The obtained materials were processed statistically using the Microsoft Excel computer program. Results. In total, during 2022-2023, 3,876 measurements of physico-chemical indicators of surface water pollution in populated areas of the Transcarpathian Regionwere carried out, of which 3,306 measurements of these indicators in 174 samples were measured by operational monitoring, and 570 measurements were made by diagnostic ones in 30 samples. Pollution of the surface waters of settlements in the Transcarpathian region occurred mainly due to the ingress of insufficiently treated sewage, but a small amount of atmospheric precipitation that fell during the studied years also played a role. The research was conducted monthly, and the average values of the content of pollutants were determined quarterly for the years under study. Thus, according to the results of observations in all quarters during 2022-2023, the main pollutants of surface water in settlements of the Transcarpathian region are ammonium compounds, namely: ammonia Nitrogen, nitrite Nitrogen and nitrate Nitrogen. Conclusions. 1. Significant contamination of surface waters of populated areas of the Transcarpathian region by organic and chemical compounds is observed during the 2022-2023 research years. 2. During 2022-2023, water was found to be the most polluted in the Tova river, the village of Baranyntsi, the Verke river in the town of Beregovo and the Kosino-Bovtradsky canal, the village of Koson, in which the concentrations of physical and chemical indicators, such as mineralization, ammonium Nitrogen, nitrite Nitrogen, nitrate Nitrogen, and chloride ion significantly exceeded the MPC. 3. A number of measures have been developed to prevent surface water pollution of the rivers of the Transcarpathian region, namely, sufficient funding for the construction and reconstruction of most sewage and water supply facilities can improve the quality of surface water. 4. In order to prevent pollution of surface water, it is necessary to put into practice modern technologies of wastewater treatment of settlements and industrial enterprises, modernization of existing and construction of new water treatment facilities, as well as to systematically carry out a set of measures for sanitary and hygienic monitoring of the quality of surface water of rivers in the Transcarpathian region. Keywords. Water samples, surface water, water pollution, preventive measures.