Эпидемиология ожирения у детей и подростков Новосибирской области в 2018–2022 гг.

Abstract

Aim. To analyze the obesity prevalence in children and adolescents of the Novosibirsk region for the period 2018–2022, to assess the state of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in children with primary obesity of 1–2 degrees without arterial hypertension. Design. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Materials and methods. The analysis of statistical indicators according to the annual reporting forms of federal statistical observation No. 12 in children and adolescents of the Novosibirsk Region and the patient database of the City Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders in the Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Novosibirsk Region for 2018–2022 was carried out. We also examined 154 children aged 6–17 years with primary obesity of 1–2 degrees, without arterial hypertension in medical history and at the time of examination; their standard lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) and Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG) were examined. Results. According to the data of report form No. 12 in the Novosibirsk Region for 2018–2022, obesity is the leader among the endocrine system diseases in children and adolescents. The maximum number of cases of obesity among children and adolescents was registered in 2019 (9030 people; 1560.7 cases per 100 thousand population), the minimum — in 2021 (7289 people; 1235.6 cases per 100 thousand population). Among the examined children with primary obesity of 1–2 degrees, impaired glucose tolerance was detected in 5.2%, changes in the standard lipid profile — in 33.8%. The group of children with insulin resistance estimated by the HOMA index above 3.16 was 46 people (29.9%), according to the TyG index — above 7.98 — 78 children (50.6%). Conclusions. According to statistical reporting, the maximum number of cases of obesity among children and adolescents was registered in 2019, the minimum — in 2021, the incidence rate is lower than the prevalence of pathology in Russia. The highest prevalence of obesity was noted in the age group of 15–17 years. The revealed high comorbidity for the main components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with 1–2 degrees of obesity indicates the need for early examination, correction and monitoring of key cardiometabolic risk factors in this patients group. Keywords: obesity, prevalence of obesity, children, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidemia