АНАЛИЗ ИНФЕКЦИОННОЙ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ) С 2012 ПО 2021 ГГ.

Abstract

The public health of the population, especially children, is determined to a large extent by morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, infectious diseases account for up to 70 % in the structure of all childhood morbidity and about 80 % in the structure of infant mortality. More than 30 new nosological forms of infectious diseases have been identified, in connection with which the concept of «new infections» has been introduced. At the same time, the level of infectious morbidity is not stable and is subject to fluctuations, which are associated both with the influence of natural factors, the emergence of new infections, and with the implementation of preventive measures. An analysis of the data on the dynamics of infectious morbidity in children and adolescents in Yakutia showed a similar picture. It became obvious that optimistic ideas about the possibility of eliminating infectious diseases turned out to be untenable. The epidemiological situation regarding the incidence of «preventable infections» in children remains tense, which is largely due to defects in the routine vaccination of children. Using the example of HBV, diphtheria and rubella vaccination, we have significant success. However, an example of a measles outbreak in 2019-2020 showed the importance of mass vaccination coverage. The incidence of pertussis also becomes high with large fluctuations in different years. Indicators of infectious diseases are directly dependent on the coverage of children with preventive vaccinations. Among infectious diseases against which there are no means of mass immunization, in the present, as in previous years, the first place belongs to acute infections of the upper respiratory tract, the causative agents of which are more than 200 viruses. An important place in the infectious morbidity of children belongs to acute intestinal infections. The lack of a complete etiological decoding of infectious diseases is a serious problem. The change in the epidemiological situation in the country during the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a number of problems and opportunities for their solution. The pandemic period has shown that fairly simple and inexpensive anti-epidemic measures have a good effect.