Факторы риска диабетической ретинопатии у женщин с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа

Abstract

The research objective was to establish the most significant risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in women with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods. The research base is the City Endocrinological Department (Perm Regional Clinical Hospital) of a large industrial center of Perm region. 121 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy were examined. To determine the risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy in women with type 2 diabetes, the logistic regression method and the odds ratio calculation were used. Results. The research showed that 66.1% of hospitalized women had diabetic retinopathy. Statistically significant relationships were established between the likelihood of diabetic retinopathy and clinical and metabolic characteristics. The duration of diabetes mellitus of more than 6 years increased the risk of diabetic retinopathy by 3.5 times, and over 16 years — by 8 times. The chance of developing retinopathy increased by 3 times in patients with non-target values of glycated hemoglobin and with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > 2.5 mmol/l — by 2.5 times. The predictors of the development of diabetic retinopathy in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified, the quantitative expressions of which were the starting points of the probability of complications: the patient’s age > 52.08 years, the duration of diabetes mellitus > 13.02 years, the total cholesterol level > 5.05 mmol/l. Conclusion. The calculated risk of developing diabetic retinopathy in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in percentage terms allows determining the probability of developing pathology as «high», «medium», and «low». Patients with a high probability of developing retinopathy belong to a risk group that requires careful monitoring. The tool proposed to the attending physician allows assessing the condition, timely identifying the pathological impact of risk factors on the body before the appearance of patient complaints and functional disorders, and timely preventing complications.The predictors of the development of diabetic retinopathy in women with type 2 diabetes were identified, the quantitative expressions of which were the starting points for the likelihood of complications.