Abstract
The article shows the role and place of the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the course of developing theoretical problems of the Kosygin reform of 1965 followed by the discussion with the soviet economists. A number of studies reveal that the Institute of Economics was in fact the scientific headquarters of this reform. Since the late 1950s leading scientists of the Institute expressed thoughts and positions that subsequently formed the basis for the ongoing economic reform. The essence of these ideas came down to the need to develop market relations in the Soviet economy of that time and to strengthen the effectiveness of the law of value. The article also shows that in the early 1970s. the Institute of Economics was subjected to severe criticism by party authorities, which resulted in a serious reorganization of the institution.
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