Abstract
The paper analyzes and generalizes the information available on animal fats that can be used as secondary raw materials in production of lubricants compatible with the new recycling technologies. The paper reviews the current market of lubricants, analyses the environmental problems in manufacturing of petroleum-based lubricants and suggests a new class of alternative raw materials for the lubricant production. The experimental studies showed that sunflower oil contains the highest number of unsaturated bonds as compared to other fats. The iodine number measurements of the beef and chicken fats indicated that the latter contains more unsaturated carboxylic acids. Dynamic viscosity of the beef fat is much higher than that of other studied fats. The synthetic acylglycerols have higher temperature-dependent and shear viscosity as compared to the original fats. The paper presents the results of experimental physicochemical and rheometric studies of animal fats. It is shown that animal fat-based materials may serve as an alternative source of environmentally-friendly lubricants.
Highlights
IntroductionLow energy consumption and financial expenses, easy availability of the raw materials, operation and recycling with minimal negative impact on the environment are the governing tendencies in development of modern technologies
High efficiency, low energy consumption and financial expenses, easy availability of the raw materials, operation and recycling with minimal negative impact on the environment are the governing tendencies in development of modern technologies
Due to reinforcement of the regulations on environmental control and equipment operating conditions, the problem of development and improvement of lubricants based upon renewable secondary raw materials has arisen
Summary
Low energy consumption and financial expenses, easy availability of the raw materials, operation and recycling with minimal negative impact on the environment are the governing tendencies in development of modern technologies. This pertains in particular to automotive industry, agricultural machinery and aeronautical engineering. Air and water transportation, agricultural, mining and forestry engineering machinery, industrial equipment, chemical, oilproducing, metallurgical, mechanical-engineering technologies are all energy-intensive. Under these conditions, the rational and efficient use of fuel and lubricating materials is one of the crucial issues. Due to reinforcement of the regulations on environmental control and equipment operating conditions, the problem of development and improvement of lubricants based upon renewable secondary raw materials has arisen
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