Abstract
The purpose of this study is to figure out the transitional characteristics of new housing model immediately after the emerging the modern architecture and to discuss its influence on the later spread of internationalism and functionalism in housing architecture. For this purpose the Römerstadt and Westhausen housing estates, which were built by Ernst May’s ‘The New Frankfurt (Das Neue Frankfurt)’ project, were examined. In this study, first, the historical changes of urban structure were explored and the typology of ‘Reihe’ and ‘Zeile’ types were defined. Next, the urban tissue, spatial allocation of public and private areas, layout of open space and floor plan typology of this two cases were comparative analyzed. The Römerstadt estate with the feature of Reihe revealed the symmetrical distribution of building and open space, which showed the clear division of public and private territories. The Westhausen estate with the feature of Zeile showed homogeneous urban structure and uniformity in its orthogonal grid pattern street system and regular plot allocation. The Westhausen residential complex represents the principle of international style and can be seen as a sign of the proliferation of flat-type multi-story apartment complexes full filled with rigid straight buildings.
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