Полный факторный эксперимент механосинтеза стеарата кальция на модифицированном шнековом оборудовании

Abstract

Metal stearates are widely used in various industries: as a thickener, lubricants, auxiliary desiccant, emulsifier for cosmetics, chemical additives to synthetic rubbers and a stabilizing component in polyolefins (PE, PP), ABS plastic, polystyrene, polyamide and polyvinyl chloride ( PVC). The greatest interest in using the metal salt of stearic acid is stabilization of PVC. At present, technologies for the synthesis of divalent metal carboxylates have evolved in three directions: synthesis technology in solution, in the melt and in the solid phase. The latter was the most laborious at the end of the last century due to the lack of equipment that allowed the imposition of mechanical energy on the material in sufficient quantity to initiate chemical transformation. In the literature, experiments are carried out on planetary mills, attritors, rollers and Bridgman anvils. In devices of a similar design, the best conditions for the chemical process between the components of the reaction mixture are created. The chemical reaction proceeds as a result of the creation and subsequent relaxation of the stress field when applying a mechanical action to the reaction mixture. However, they did not give a high selectivity for the target product; therefore, the chemical industry of stabilizing additives focused on solution methods for producing metal carboxylates. The authors of the article have developed a new approach for the synthesis of calcium stearate in the solid phase on a modified screw apparatus. Screw machines, in turn, provide an increase in the number of contacts between reagents and, more significantly, the area of the contact interface. In addition, heat generation due to friction in the contact area can further intensify the process. The influence of the temperature range inside the material cylinder - the reactor, the screw rotation speed on the technical characteristics and the yield of calcium stearate was investigated. Mathematical processing of the results of the full factorial experiment was carried out. A comparison of the adequacy of the obtained linear equation and experimental data is carried out.