Abstract
Preparation of high-quality seed material for the needs of forest seed stations aimed at the reproduction of forests with seeds with improved hereditary properties requires the use of special seed cleaning machines. The use of such seeds with improved hereditary properties will provide an increase in the productivity, quality and sustainability of plantations. Seed material of different species has features of surface and shape, taking into account these differences, various machines and installations have been developed and widely used. The need to use special machines for magnetic cleaning is caused by the impossibility of high-quality separation of seed material. Analysis of modern technical means of seed preparation showed that the idea of combining air and magnetic cleaning deserves special attention. During pneumomagnetic separation, various forces act on a particle of the seed mixture, the magnitude and direction of which change depending on the design parameters of the working body of the inductor and the position of the particle of the seed mixture in the magnetic field of the inductor. It is possible to study the movement of a particle in the operating channel, as well as to construct a mathematical model, by making some assumptions, the result of which makes it possible to study in theory the influence of design and technological parameters on the separation process of forest seed, as well as to determine the regularities of the process of pneumomagnetic separation. Based on the results of the analysis of the movement trajectories of the seed mixture, curves of the movement of particles are plotted at various values of the magnetic force in the working channel, and graph is presented that illustrates the possibility of carrying out the process of pneumomagnetic separation depending on the ratio of the air flow rate and magnetic force acting on the particle. It has been determined that the process of pneumomagnetic seed cleaning can be effectively carried out at an air flow rate of 3.5 ÷ 5.2 m/s, and a magnetic force of 3.4 × 10-6 ÷ 8 × 10-6N. It is necessary to create a magnetic field induction in the range of 0.115 ÷ 0.177 T in order the magnetic force to have such a value in the working channel.
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