ВЛИЯНИЕ ГЕНЕЗА ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАВМЫ НА ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР

Abstract

The study of the prerequisites and consequences of psychological traumatization is an urgent area of research both in domestic and foreign Clinical Psychology. The types of psychotraumatic influences and their influence on the individual, his/her personal and social functioning are studied in detail. For a long time, the research attention has been mainly focused on the negative consequences of traumatic stress. However, the victims themselves also note positive changes after coping with psychological trauma – posttraumatic growth. Posttraumatic growth should be considered as a subjective process of personality changes while the coping process. The article is devoted to the analysis of the characteristic manifestations of posttraumatic growth depending on the genesis of psychological trauma. The logic of the presentation is determined by F. Ruppert's typology of psychological traumas: (1) existential psychological trauma; (2) psychological trauma of loss; (3) psychological trauma of the relationship; (4) psychological trauma of systemic relationships. The manifestations of posttraumatic growth encompass the cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of the self-concept. Among the factors contributing to posttraumatic growth, openness to experience, self-reflection, autosympathy, full-fledged spiritual/existential life are indicated. Theoretical review showed that the characteristics of posttraumatic growth and the moment of their manifestation really differ depending on the type of psychotraumatic effect.