Реверс воздушного потока в изолирующем самоспасателе на химически связанном кислороде

Abstract

The advantages of the chemical method of reserving oxygen in an insulating breathing apparatus are the high density of its packaging and the automatic feed rate determined by the stoichiometry of the binding reaction of exhaled carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, according to the experimental data and theoretical estimates, the protective resource of the regenerative cartridge is not used efficiently enough. The reason is the uneven distribution of exothermic heat sources in the regenerative cartridge, which effects the pore structure of the chemisorbent and slows down the sorption kinetics. In addition, in devices with a short period of protective action, the proportion of the dead sorbent layer is large, unused by the time of the critical CO2 slip through the regenerative cartridge. The integrated approach to eliminating these causes consists in moving the sources of exothermic heat into the dead layer of the sorbent, which is achieved by reversing the regenerated air flow. The formalism is proposed that alows to simulate the operation of an insulating self-rescuer on chemically bound oxygen with a circular circuit of the air duct after the reverse of the air flow. Recommendations are formulated on the choice of breathing apparatus in which reverse is advisable, and the moment of changing the direction of filtration of exhaled air through the regenerative cartridge. It is shown that the reverse ensures a more uniform distribution of exothermic heat sources in the regenerative cartridge to prevent sintering of porous granules of an oxygen-containing product made on the basis of potassium peroxide. This increases the efficiency of using the protective resource of the breathing apparatus.